Association between hyperuricemia and hypertension and the mediatory role of obesity: a large cohort study in China

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific association between hyperuricemia and the risk of hypertension and whether obesity mediates this association. METHODS: This study included 31,395 (47.0% women) adults without hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline who completed at least one follow-up annual examination between 2009 and 2016. Cox regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of body mass index on the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension. RESULTS: During a median 2.9-year follow-up, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension (HR 1.15, 95%CI 1.07-1.24 for all participants; HR 1.12, 95%CI 1.03-1.22 for men; and HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02-1.48 for women) after adjustment for potential confounders. Additional adjustment for body mass index attenuated this association (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.08-1.10 for all participants; HR 1.07; 95%CI 0.98-1.16 for men; HR 1.18; 95%CI 0.96-1.44 for women). Mediation analysis showed that BMI partially mediated the relationship between hyperuricemia and incident hypertension (indirect effect HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.08-1.10; direct effect: HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.02-1.15). The percentage of the mediation effect was 53.2% (95%CI 37.9-84.5). CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia is associated with a risk of hypertension in both sexes, and BMI partially mediates hyperuricemia-related incident hypertension.

Association between health literacy and health related quality of life among primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between health literacy (HL) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary and middle school students in Nanjing,and to provide a reference for improving health literacy and health related quality of life among children.@*Methods@#In this cross sectional study, by using a multi stage rondom duster sampling method,a total of 4 388 primary (4-6), junior (grades 7-9) and senior (grades 10-12) high school students were randomly selected in Nanjing during May and June of 2018. HRQoL was measured as continuous variable with the validated Chinese version of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D CHN); the relationship between health literacy level and HRQoL was examined using mixed effect linear regression models and reported as mean difference ( MD ) and 95% confidence interval( CI ).@*Results@#There were 85.8% participants who obtained adequate health literacy level, while the mean score of CHU9D CHN was (0.78±0.17) for overall participants. After control for potential confounding factors and class level clustering effects, participants who self reported adequate HL recorded an increased HRQoL scores of 0.08 (95% CI =0.06-0.10) units relative to those self reporting inadequate HL. According to the stratified analysis of students gender, school type and place of residence, the results show that after adjusting the relevant confounding factors and the aggregation of class level, compared with the students without health literacy, the score of health related quality of life of those with health literacy increased significantly.@*Conclusion@#Health literacy of primary school students in Nanjing is positively related to health related life qualities.Therefore,there is a need to promote student s health related quality of life through health literacy.

Nomograma prediction of the surgical treatment in triad of elbow / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an individualized Nomogram prediction model for predicting the postoperative recovery of patients with triad of elbow (TE) by analyzing risk factors of triad of elbow joint.@*METHODS@#From January 2012 to December 2018, 116 patients with TE who met the criteria were collected. The independent risk factors were screened by univariate Logistic regression analysis. The statistically significant risk factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model. The R software was used to establish the Nomogram diagram model to predict the postoperative recovery of TE patients. C index was used to verify the discrimination, Calibration plot of the model, and the decision curve (decision curve analysis, DCA) to verify the net clinical benefit rate of the model.@*RESULTS@#Forty-four of the 116 patients with TE developed symptoms after operation, with an incidence of 37.93%. Age (@*CONCLUSION@#The Nomogram for predicting postoperative results of TE patients based on six independent risk factors:age, work, smoking, Mason classification of radial head, Regan-Morrey classification of coronal process and immobilization time of elbow joint after operation, has good distinguishing capacity and consistency. Thepredictive model could help clinicians to identify high risk population and establish appropriate intervention strategies.

Measurement of femoral neck anteversion of developmental dislocation of hip in children by 3D printing technique / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the method and accuracy of measuring the femoral neck anteversion in children with developmental dislocation of the hip by using 3D printing technology, so as to find out the method of measuring the femoral neck anteversion accurately and guide the formulation of the operation plan.@*METHODS@#From June 2016 to September 2018, 17 patients with unilateral developmental dislocation of the hip were enrolled in the study, including 2 males and 15 females, aged 2 to 13 (5.47±0.81) years old, 11 on the left and 6 on the right. The methods of CT, 3D printing and intraoperative anteversion of femoral neck were used to measure the anteversion of femoral neck respectively. The intraoperative measurement was used as the standard reference value forstatistical analysis, and the accuracy of the first two methods was compared.@*RESULTS@#The average value of CT was (36.00±1.66)°, the average value of model method was(43.91±1.62)°, and the average value of intraoperative method was(44.21±1.62)°. There were significant differences in CT measurement, model measurement and intraoperative measurement(0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the traditional CT method, the 3D printing model method is simpler, more accurate and more repeatable, and can simulate the operation before operation. It is an ideal method to measure the femoral neck anteversion.

Higher serum angiopoietin 2 levels are independently associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a type of endothelial growth factor involved in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Circulating Ang-2 levels are elevated in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum Ang-2 levels and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients without obstructive CAD.@*METHODS@#A total of 125 patients with angina in the absence of obstructive CAD were included in this cross-sectional study. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery by trans-thoracic Doppler echocardiography. The patients were divided into the following two sub-groups according to CFR: the impaired CFR group with CFR values <2.5 and the preserved CFR group with CFR values ≥2.5. Serum Ang-2 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent predictors for impaired CFR were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was determined to evaluate the ability of serum Ang-2 in predicting impaired CFR.@*RESULTS@#We found that age, percentage of female sex, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, Ang-2 levels (763.3 ± 264.9 vs. 579.7 ± 169.3 pg/mL, P < 0.001), and the left atrial volume index were significantly higher in patients with impaired CFR than in patients with preserved CFR. Serum Ang-2 levels were negatively correlated with CFR (r = -0.386, P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that Ang-2 (odds ratio: 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.006, P = 0.003) and age (odds ratio: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.023-1.156, P = 0.007) were independently associated with impaired CFR. Furthermore, Ang-2 was a significant predictor of impaired CFR on the receiver-operating characteristic curve (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.712 (95% CI: 0.612-0.813).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High serum Ang-2 levels are independently associated with impaired CFR in patients with angina in the absence of obstructive CAD.

Famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors' medication rules in treating spermatorrhea / 中国中药杂志

To explore famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) doctors' medication rules in treating spermatorrhea based on the medical cases about spermatorrhea collected from Hundred TCM Clinical Doctors of Hundred Years in China and Proven Cases and National Medical Master Test Case. Researchers extracted such data as medicinal and therapies from these cases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then,Excle 2010,SPSS Clementine 12. 0 and SPSS 22. 0 were adopted respectively for frequency analysis,association rules analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis. Cluster analysis was carried out by Ochiai algorithm of binary variable data,one of the systematic clustering methods. And principal component analysis was used for factor analysis. Finally,27 medical cases and 41 prescriptions were included in total. The frequency analysis showed that the most common therapy was the astringent therapy( n = 28),which was followed by the tonifying method,tranquilizing method,heat-clearing method,damp-dispelling method and Qiregulating method. The top three kinds of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines were Poria,Ostreae Concha and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. The association rules analysis found out 11 association rules of medicine pairs,23 association rules of medicine combinations of the three kinds of herbs and 6 association rules of medicine combinations of five kinds of herbs. Among them,the representatives were Rubi Fructus→Fossilia Ossis Mastodi,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata + Corni Fructus→Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and Pinelliae Rhizoma→Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,which showed the therapeutic characteristics of astringing,tonifying the kidney and replenishing essence,fortifying the spleen and dispelling dampness. Moreover,7 medicine groups with relevance were extracted from the tree map generated by cluster analysis,including " Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma" and " Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Rehmanniae Radix,Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma",which demonstrated the effects of nourishing Yin and purging fire,tonifying and soothing the liver. Besides,totally 12 common factors were obtained according to factor analysis,including 14 drug combinations,like " Amomi Fructus,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex" and " Nelumbinis Stamen,Moutan Cortex,Poria and Scrophulariae Radix",which indicated the compatibility characteristics of tonifying the spleen and purging fire,dispelling dampness and clearing heat. In conclusion,data mining techniques( including frequency analysis,association rules analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis) were used to comprehensively analyze the famous veteran TCM doctors' medication rules in treating spermatorrhea,which was helpful for guiding the clinical practice of treating spermatorrhea in TCM.

Research rules of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in treating infertility / 中国中药杂志

To explore the medication rules of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in treating infertility based on medical cases of infertility collected from book series of Hundred Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinicians of Hundred Years in China and Prescription Proven by Traditional Chinese Medicine Masters. Researchers extracted the information of prescriptions from these cases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, Excel 2010, SPSS Clementine(ver.12.0) and SPSS(ver. 22.0) were adopted respectively for frequency analysis, association rules analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis. Cluster analysis was carried out by Ochiai algorithm of binary variable data, which was a systematic clustering method. And principal component analysis was used for factor analysis. Besides, KMO test and Bartlett spherical test were used for factor adaptation test. Finally, 151 medical cases and 396 prescriptions were included in total. A total of 60 kinds of frequently used herbs were identified according to the results of frequency analysis for medication, they were mainly used for activating blood and resolving stasis, tonifying and clearing heat respectively. The association rules analysis found out 25 drug pair association rules and 14 3-drug combination association rules. A total of 15 medicine groups were extracted by cluster analysis. KMO test and Bartlett spherical test indicated that the method was suitable for factor analysis, and 21 common factors were respectively extracted by factor analysis. Association rules indicated the characteristics of the therapeutic methods, like tonifying Qi and replenishing blood. The famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine practitioners utilized modified Siwu Decoction for tonifying blood and preferred Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu) for tonifying Qi. The results of both cluster analysis and factor analysis demonstrated the characteristics of the therapies for tonifying kidney, activating blood, tonifying spleen and dispelling dampness. In addition, factor analysis could reflect the therapies for nourishing Yin, tonifying kidney, warming the meridian, dissipating cold, nourishing blood and dispelling blood stasis. These results of analysis comprehensively showed out the medication characteristics of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine practitioners of strictly following the pathogenesis, making good use of classical formulas and providing proper compatibility. In conclusion, data mining techniques(including frequency analysis, association rules analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis) were used to comprehensively analyze the medication rules of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in treating infertility, which is helpful for guiding the clinical practice of treating infertility with traditional Chinese medicine.

Therapeutic observation of tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of balance-impact tuina therapy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH).Methods:A total of 118 eligible LIDH patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 59 cases in each group.The observation group was intervened by balance-impact tuina therapy,while the control group was intervened by conventional tuina therapy,both for consecutive two weeks.The scores of visual analog scale (VAS),Oswestry disability index (ODI),quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QOL-C30) were observed before and after treatment;the relapse rate was estimated at the sixth month and twelfth month following the treatment.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:After intervention,the total effective rate was 96.6％ in the observation group versus 91.5％ in the control group,and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The VAS and ODI scores declined significantly after treatment in both groups (all P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly lower than the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The QOL-C30 score increased significantly after treatment in both groups (both P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).The relapse rates at the post-treatment sixth month and twelfth month in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional tuina therapy,the balance-impact tuina therapy shows advantage in lessening pain,improving the function and enhancing the quality of life in the treatment of LIDH,and it has a lower relapse rate.Thus,this therapy is worth promoting in clinic.

Identification of Phenotype and Genotype in One Case with Weak D blood group / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenotype and genotype of the weak D blood group in one case of Chinese Han people.@*METHODS@#Phenotype of blood sample was identified with serologic tests; PCR-SBT was applied for the analysis of genotype and RhD zygosity.@*RESULTS@#Both saline and gel card tests demonstrated this case to be dCcee, which was contrary to glass bead card result. Some of the RBC D epitopes were negative.c.1022T>A allele was identified with PCR-SBT and the zygosity analysis showed this case to be D/d.@*CONCLUSION@#RHD*1022 A is more suitable to be categorized as weak partial D other than weak D in a Chinese Han people.

Investigation of Transfer Examination Personnel of Rehabilitation Therapists in Beijing in 2017 / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To understand the current status and capabilities of rehabilitation therapists in Beijing. Methods The data of the district or county, sex, age, education background, professional title and practice category of the first rehabilitation therapist transfer examination in Beijing in 2017 were analyzed. Results Personnels were from 16 districts and counties in Beijing, including 5747 candidates, 2405 reference staff, and 462 qualified persons. The top five districts were Chaoyang, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan and Dongcheng. The overall gender ratio (male∶female) was 1∶2.02, with an average age of (35.52±7.54) years old, academic quali-fications were mainly undergraduate (55.84% ), and practice categories were mainly physician series (51.95% ) and nursing series (40.26%). Gender, age, education background, profession title and practice category had im-pacts on the passing rate of the exam. Conclusion Transfer system is currently feasible to implement effective measures to supplement human resources for re-habilitation therapists.

MiR-214 Regulates the Human Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting EZH2 and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Way In Vitro

miR-214 plays a major role in the self-renewal of skin tissue. However, whether miR-214 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of human hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is unknown. Primary HFSCs were isolated from human scalp skin tissue, cultured, and identified using flow cytometry. An miR-214 mimic and inhibitor were constructed for transfection into HFSCs. The MTS and colony formation assays examined cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence detected the localization and expression levels of TCF4, β-catenin, and differentiation markers. Luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays investigated whether miR-214 targeted EZH2 and regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot determined the expression levels of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins, and HFSC differentiation markers in cells subjected to miR-214 transfection. miR-214 expression was remarkably decreased during the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs into transit-amplifying (TA) cells. Downregulation of miR-214 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. Overexpression of miR-214 led to decreased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4, whereas downregulation of miR-214 resulted in increased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4 as well as TA differentiation markers. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that inhibiting miR-214 triggered the entry of β-catenin and TCF-4 into the nucleus. The luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays demonstrated that miR-214 directly targets EZH2 and affects Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The miR-214/EZH2/β-catenin axis could be considered a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for HFSCs.

Dietary Exposure to Benzyl Butyl Phthalate in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a plasticizer used in food contact materials. Dietary exposure to BBP might lead to reproduction and developmental damages to human. The present paper was aimed to assess the health risk of BBP dietary exposure in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The BBP contents were detected in 7409 food samples from 25 food categories by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The dietary exposures of BBP in different age and sex groups were estimated by combining the content data with food consumption data derived from 2002 China National Nutrient and Health Survey, and evaluated according to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BBP established by European Food safety Agency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was found that BBP was undetectable in most samples and the highest level was 1.69 mg/kg detected in a vegetable oil sample. The average dietary exposure of BBP in people aged ⋝2 years was 1.03 μg/kg bw per day and the highest average exposure was found in 2-6 years old children (1.98 μg/kg bw per day). The BBP exposure in 7-12 months old children excessed 10% of tolerable daily intake (TDI) in worst scenario. .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The health risk of BBP dietary exposure in Chinese population is low and, considering BBP alone, there is no safety concern.</p>

Experience of Professor SUN Xue-mei in Treatment of Primary Thrombocythemia / 中国中西医结合杂志

There is no radical cure for essential thrombocythemia currently. Professor SUN Xue-mei has extensive clinical experience in treating it by combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine. In this paper, authors tried to summarize her experience from guiding ideology and therapeutic points. Authors insisted on the direction of integrative medicine on the basis of syndrome differentiation, paying attention to psychological counseling,and applied individual treatment in clinics.

Chemical constituents of Lonicera japonica roots and anti-inflammatory activity / 中草药

Objective: To research the chemical composition from the roots of Lonicera japonica and their anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, preparative thin-layer, and semi-preparative HPLC, etc. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data, and parts of the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities against zebrafish. Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3,13-dihydroxystemodan-2-one (1), chrysophanol (2), palmarumycin CP2 (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), stigmast-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (6), erythrinassinate D (7), lanosterin (8), 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (9), protocatechuin aldehyde (10), daucosterol (11), (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(3H)-furanone (12), lomacarinoside B (13), and (2E,6S)-8-(α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1″→6')-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-eno-1,2″-lactone (14). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2, 3, 6, 7-9, and 13 are isolated from L. japonica for the first time. Compounds 9 and 10 show the significant anti-inflammatory activities at 100 μg/mL.

Chemical constituents of Lonicera japonica roots and their anti-inflammatory effects / 药学学报

To study the chemical composition and their anti-inflammatory activities of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) roots, seventeen compounds were isolated from the roots of L. japonica Thunb. by various chromatography, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by MS, IR, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as 1-oxo-(1H)-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde (1), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), loganin aglycone (4), caffeic acid (5), secologanin dimethyl acetal (6), korolkoside (7), coniferin (8), sweroside (9), secoxyloganin (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (11), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (12), chlorogenic acid ethyl ester (13), 3, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (14), 4, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (15), grandifloroside (16), and 4, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (17). Among those, compound 1 is a new compound, and compound 8 is found in L. japonica for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, 14-17 showed significant anti-inflammatory activities against macrophage in zebrafish.

Study on the effect of abnormal lipid metabolism of civil aviation pilots on traditional Chinese medicine constitution / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Research on the correlation of dyslipidemia of civil aviation pilots and the TCM constitution aimed to explore that how professional environmental affects the lipid metabolism and the constitution.MethodsMeasure the lipid statusand TCM constitution of 656 pilots, and 496 of them with dyslipidemia were studied. The sample were stratified according to the age and the types of dyslipidemia, including young and middle-aged groups, only abnormal total cholesterol metabolism (TC), only abnormal triglyceride metabolism (TG), and both abnormal cholesterol and triglycerides metabolism groups and then the differences in prevalence of traditional Chinese medicine in different groups were analyzed and discussed. ResultsThe prevalence of abnormal lipid metabolism was 75.61% in 656 pilots. The top three TCM constitutions among the pilot with dyslipidemia were phlegm dampness constitution (35.89%), dampness heat constitution (33.06%) and deficiency of Yang(20.97%). If age was not considered, the prevalence of TCM constitutions were not significantly different between the groups of only abnormal TC and TG (P>0.05), while the prevalence of Yang deficiency and dampness heat constitutions of only either TC or TG abnormal group were significantly higher than those of the group of both abnormal TC, TG (χ2 values were 6.793, 5.077, P<0.05). Take age as considered, TC metabolic abnormalities in youth group, the prevalence of damp heat constitution of the only TC abnormal group was higher than both TC, TG abnormal group (χ2=7.637,P<0.01); and the prevalence of Qi deficiency and Yang deficiency constitution of the only TG abnormal group were higher than both TC, TG abnormal group (χ2values were 6.139, 7.525,P<0.05). In the middle-aged group, the prevalences of Yang deficiency and Qi stagnation constitution of only TC abnormal group were higher than only TG abnormal group (χ2 values were 9.750, 3.922,P<0.05), and the prevalence of Yang deficiency of only TC abnormal group was higher than both TC, TG abnormal group (χ2=5.208,P<0.05). The prevalence of Yang deficiency of both TC, TG abnormal group was higher than only TG abnormal group (χ2= 4.489,P<0.05). Conclusions The result showed high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the population of civil aviation pilots. Age and lipid metabolism status could affect the types of TCM constitution. Damp-heat constitution was the common type of TCM constitution in the population of the young pilot, and Yang deficiency and Qi stagnation constitution were the common types in the population of middle-aged people whose lipid metabolism were disorder. The group of only abnormal TC influence on TCM constitution more than both abnormal TC and TG.

Diagnostic Value of Prospective Electrocardiogram-triggered Dual-source Computed Tomography Angiography for Infants and Children with Interrupted Aortic Arch / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Accurate assessment of intra- as well as extra-cardiac malformations and radiation dosage concerns are especially crucial to infants and children with interrupted aortic arch (IAA). The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) angiography with low-dosage techniques in the diagnosis of IAA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen patients with suspected IAA underwent prospective ECG-triggered DSCT scan and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Surgery was performed on all the patients. A five-point scale was used to assess image quality. The diagnostic accuracy of DSCT angiography and TTE was compared with the surgical findings as the reference standard. A nonparametric Chi-square test was used for comparative analysis. P <0.05 was considered as a significant difference. The mean effective radiation dose (ED) was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Diagnostic DSCT images were obtained for all the patients. Thirteen IAA cases with 60 separate cardiovascular anomalies were confirmed by surgical findings. The diagnostic accuracy of TTE and DSCT for total cardiovascular malformations was 93.7% and 97.9% (P > 0.05), and that for extra-cardiac vascular malformations was 92.3% and 99.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. The mean score of image quality was 3.77 ± 0.83. The mean ED was 0.30 ± 0.04 mSv (range from 0.23 mSv to 0.39 mSv).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In infants and children with IAA, prospective ECG-triggered DSCT with low radiation exposure and high diagnostic efficiency has higher accuracy compared to TTE in detection of extra-cardiac vascular anomalies.</p>

Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Foods and Intakes among Population Aged 3 Years and above in Beijing and Guangzhou Cities, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine (1.68 ± 0.83 g/100g), followed by chocolate and candy (0.89 ± 2.68 g/100g), edible vegetable oils (0.86 ± 0.82 g/100g), milk (0.83 ± 1.56 g/100g), and bakery foods (0.41 ± 0.91 g/100g). TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29% of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and ⋝18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42% demonstrated TFA intakes (as percentage of energy intake) greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The current intake of TFA among people in two cities did not appear to be of major health concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.</p>

Experimental study on internal fixation with screws through femoral epiphyseal plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of internal fixation with screw through femoral epiphyseal plate on growth in- hibition via an experimental study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups and 10 rabbits in each group. Epiphyseal plate was injured by penetrating of screws, and the size of damage area was controlled by changing the number of threads. Group A: blank group; group B: injury area accounted for 4% of the epiphyseal plate; group C: injury area accounted for 6%; group D: injury area accounted for 8%. The internal fixation was removed after 2 weeks, and the results were observed with X-ray film for 4 groups to judge the complications such as early closure of epiphyseal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In each group, there were no statistical differences in the length of the femoral neck, the diameter of femoral neck, the diameter of the femoral head, and the epiphyseal plate closure time. The growth speed of the length and diameter of the femoral neck, as well as the diameter of femoral head, were quicker on the early phase, and the speed was slowest when the epiphyseal plate was being closed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The injury area of epiphyseal plate under 8% is safe for its growth. Because no evidences demonstrate the growth inhibition of epiphyseal plate, the screws can be used for rabbit epiphyseal plates.</p>

Preliminary screening of 44 plant extracts for anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities

In order to find new tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidant materials, we investigated 44 plants, which were evaluated for the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging assay were conducted to evaluate these activities. Among all tested plant extracts, Morus alba L. [positive control], Rhodiola crenulata [Hook. f. et Thorns.] H. Ohba, Momordica charantia L., Cuminum cyminum L. et al exhibit higher tyrosinase inhibition. Rhodiola crenulata [Hook. f. et Thorns.] H. Ohba, Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. perform the highest antioxidant activity, similar to vitamin C [the positive control]. A low positive correlation is found in the DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition assay. Considering these factors, the extracts of Rhodiola crenulata [Hook. f. et Thorns.] H. Ohba, Alpinia officinarum Hance and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, exhibit high anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities and could be used in the cosmetic industry. Further studies are warranted to characterize the compounds responsible for the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant properties of these plant extracts